Who regulates it
EPA says it does not regulate individual single-family septic systems; in most states, local health departments issue construction and operating permits under state law.
Repairs and additions
Permit requirements can also apply to replacements, repairs, bedroom additions, remodels, or other changes that affect wastewater design flow.
Start locally
Before hiring a designer or installer, identify the local health/environmental authority and ask for the current application, site-evaluation requirements, fees, and inspection sequence.
What to verify locally
Permitting, inspection, setbacks, acceptable system types, professional licensing, and design requirements are controlled by state and local authorities. If your question affects construction, a property purchase, a repair, or drinking-water safety, confirm the answer with the local health/environmental department.
Primary reference
U.S. EPA — Frequent Questions on Septic Systems ↗
U.S. EPA — How to Care for Your Septic System ↗
Reviewed August 26, 2026.